Catatan mengenai Shi-Na, Zhi-Na.
Diambil dari Wikipedia versi bahasa Inggris, Jepang dan Tiong-Hua.
| Versi Jepang dan Tiong-Hua | Versi Inggris |
|
|
Shina or Sina (支那, Shina or Sina? シナ); IPA: [ɕina]) are Romanized Japanese terms of which the Chinese character "支那" is viewed by most Chinese people as a highly offensive racist term for China.
Originally a word used neutrally in both Chinese and Japanese, the word gained a derogatory tone due to its widespread usage in the context of the Second Sino-Japanese War. |
|
支那（しな）は、中国または「中国の一部」をさして用いられる、王朝や政権の変遷を越えた、国号としても使用可能な、固有名詞の通時的な呼称。
本来、差別用語ではないが、差別語的に使用された時代があったため、差別語とみなされる場合もある。 |
Shina *
Shina (to do), China or the "Chinese portion" can be used very, it exceeded the change of the royal court and administration, as a national number time naming of enabled, proper name.
Originally, is not discriminatory terminology, but because there are times when discrimination language it is used, when it is regarded discriminatory language, it is. |
|
支那（梵文：cina）原为隋唐时佛教僧侣对梵文中称谓中国的一种漢字音译，亦作至那、脂那等，一般出现在汉译佛教经典中。
这一汉字词汇于9世纪初通过佛教交流传入日本。
世纪初，日本学者在学习蘭學时，将"支那"一词与西方词汇"China"对应起来，作为其在日语中的梵音译词。
（China英音譯詞則為チャイナ）
明治维新后，"脫亞入歐"的思潮在日本日益兴盛，"支那"一词开始在日语中大面积地替换原有对中国的各种称呼。
在日语中，该词的汉字写法与中文一致：支那，假名为「シナ」，罗马字拼写法一般有两种："shina"（平文式罗马字）或"sina"（训令式罗马字）。
甲午战争令日本开始跻身东亚地区强权的行列，而中国的国力则进一步衰弱。
在承认中華民國之后，日本政府决定以"支那共和国"来取代"清国"作为对中国的正式称谓（而不是"中华民国"），这日益引起了中国民间和官方的不满，因为中国的舆论渐渐觉察到日语"支那"所附含的不友善含义。
虽然1930年代时，日本已决定在外交正式场合弃用，但是"支那"一词依然为日本上下广泛使用。
直至第二次世界大战日本战败之后，"支那"一词才从日语的正式场合中全面退出。
如今，中日等國的民族主義者對使用該詞是否在带有敌意上存在爭議，一般的共识是：以个人身份屡次地或者在正式场合使用"支那"称呼中国，或称呼中国人为"支那人"，是一种轻蔑、敌视中国的行为。 |
Shina *
Shina (Sanskrit: cina) for the Sui and Tang dynasties, Sanskrit Buddhist monks in the name of a Chinese character of China's Korean also be made to the lipid that, in general there Translation of Buddhist scriptures.
Chinese vocabulary in the early ninth century Buddhist exchanges through the introduction of Japan.
The beginning of the century, Japan scholars in the study-hours, "Shina" with the Western vocabulary word "China" counterparts, as its Japanese translation of Fine reiterated her words.
(China transliterates words for the British China)
After the Meiji Restoration, "from Asia into Europe" ideas in the increasingly prosperous Japan, "Shina" in Japanese began to replace the original large area of China's various titles.
In Japanese, the Chinese character writing it consistent with the Chinese: Shina, alias "date-tree", Rome word spelling in general there are two types: "shina" (Hepburn Chart) or "sina" (Instructions-Roman characters).
Sino-Japanese War of Japan might start among the ranks of the East Asian region, and China's overall national strength will be further weakened.
In recognition of the Republic of China, the Japanese government decided to "Shina Republic" to replace the "clear" as the official name of China (instead of "Republic of China"), China's growing dissatisfaction with private and official, because China's public opinion gradually aware of Japanese "Shina" attached with the unfriendly meaning.
Although the 1930s, Japan has decided to abandon the use of diplomatic formal occasions, but "Shina" is still widely used for the upper and lower Japan.
Japan's defeat until after the Second World War, "Shina" before the word from the Japanese formal occasions in full withdrawal.
Today, in Japan, and other countries nationalists on the use of the term is in dispute on the hostile, the general consensus was: repeated in a personal capacity or in formal settings "Shina" call China, or call China as "Shina", it is a contempt and hostile to China's behaviour. |
* Diterjemahkan dengan piranti lunak mesin terjemahan.
No comments:
Post a Comment